Fiber optic cabling for high speed Internet, telephone and cable connections is a technology with many advantages and limited disadvantages. Fiber optic cables transfer data via light waves. They are made from glass or plastic fibers in the core of the cable, surrounded by a "cladding" layer (designed to reflect light back towards the core), and the "buffer coating", which protects the fibers from moisture and other damage.

Advantage

Fiber optic data transmission is incredibly fast.

Advantage

Fiber optic cables are not susceptible to RF (radio frequency) interference, which can be a major problem for users of typical coaxial cabling.

Advantage

Fiber optic cables can transmit data over exceptionally long distances without much data loss.

Disadvantage

Often times, fiber optic cabling can cost more than double what a typical broadband connection costs, it is often hard for the average user to justify the costs.

Disadvantage

Fiber optic connections are not available in many areas.

Fun Fact

Many gaming systems and home theater components now also transfer information back and forth via fiber-optic cables.